Samuel Hadden Harper (1783 – July 19, 1837) was a United States federal judge.
Born in Augusta County, Virginia, Harper was in private practice in New Orleans, Louisiana from 1808 to 1829. He also served in the United States Army during the War of 1812, was a member of the Louisiana State House of Representatives in 1814, and was a registrar in the land office of the Eastern District of Louisiana from 1821 to 1824. In 1825, he was a clerk to the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana, and a city councilman of New Orleans, Louisiana.
On March 6, 1829, Harper was nominated by President Andrew Jackson to joint seat on the United States District Courts for the Eastern District and Western District of Louisiana, both vacated by Thomas B. Robertson. Harper was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 7, 1829, and received his commission the same day, serving thereafter until his death, in 1837, in Madisonville, Louisiana.